50 Years of Hip-Hop: A Current Look At Nairobi’s Thriving Rap Scene
the golden era of Hip-Hop
Hip-hop culture is intricately tied with youth identity in Kenya, made even more evident by the progressive rap scene in the country’s capital city, Nairobi. Associated with creative freedom and exuberance in the three-plus decade since its emergence, rap music has evolved into a dominant art-form and hip-hop culture is a way of life with distinct quirks morphing alongside different generations.
As with most early rap scenes across Africa, the beginnings were humble but the ambitions are no less inspiring. In 1991, artist-turned-actor Jimmy Gathu released “Look, Think Stay Alive,” and the pairing of his laid-back flow with hard-hitting drums helped make it an impactful single. The song, which publicised safe driving, received massive airplay and caused a shift in a music industry where foreign songs received more attention. At the time, the local mainstream’s focus tilted towards bands and artists whose sounds were heavily built on the fusion of traditional instruments. All this included a lot of singing, which meant rappers did not have a platform. The commercial success of Jimmy Gathu’s single and the rise of rap-centric shows such as Mzizi helped in fostering the rise of Kenyan Hip-hop.
There’s a ton of historical gaps to fill in the 30-plus years since rap music’s mainstream advent, but there’s an overflow of talent and success in the present that suggests that Nairobi and Kenyan rap is enjoying a prolonged golden era. In this moment, and stretching back over the last decade-plus, the most obvious names are Khaligraph Jones and Octopizzo, two relentlessly prolific rap artists that played primary roles in Kenyan rap growing beyond borders—creatively and commercially. In an interview with the Youtube channel Cleaning The Airwaves, Khaligraph rubs his impact in the industry by insisting he was the first Kenyan to jump on a trap beat. While this is an issue that is greatly debated between the Khaligraph and Octopizzo fandom, its result saw the rise of rappers switching from social-political issues and adapting more accessible themes that not only showcase their writing ability with wordplay but also their flexibility in production.
With the success and dynamic artistry of these two superstars—and more forebears—as OGs, new classes of rap freshmen emerge with distinct approaches and identities to their craft. It’s still all Hip-Hop: Shrappers, Drillers, Kilimani babies and more have carved a new niche in the scene. Creating a ubiquitous sound that peels new layers to their artistry, the current classes of younger rap artists have seen new names rise up defying the odds. “Boutross has to be the biggest artist in Nairobi and this was not the case three years ago,” a rap enthusiast tells the NATIVE. Often known as the shrap god, Boutross has stood the test of time as a pioneer of Shrap. Unlike rap, the subgenre took a new approach to its creation. Paying attention to flow rather than hard-knocking lyrics, the genre thrived with witty bars and occasion bragging. New ideas are rarely welcomed in a confined society where rules define your every move and to many Hip-Hop heads were adamant to reject the subgenre teaming it as not “hard enough to be termed as rap.”
In 2016 Musau Mumo, Dope-I-Mean, Jovie Jovv, Boutross, Kay Green, and more affiliates were creating an upbeat breed of rap that resonated more with the current generation. On heavy 808s, bouncy drums, and hi-hat electronic beats, they combined English and Swahili creating slang that saw the birth of Shrap. Its defying moment came with the release of Jovie Jovv’s “Kiasi,” the lean-advocating song that coupled with weed and sex lines saw an attention shift. Unlike the rap songs that were flooding the mainstream industry, “Kiasi,” was playful and one you could trap to. To most Kenyans, this is how they were introduced to the sub-genre. Like a foreshadowing of their greatness, Boutross is a testament to their gospel. One of the biggest artists in Kenya he has built a fandom of shrappers who are loyal to him and he stamped shrap’s authority with “Shrap Over The Rest.”
Like Boutross, Wakadinali also has played a huge role in shaping the rap industry. According to 2022’s Spotify Wrapped, they were one of the top three streamed artists in Kenya. Consisting of Scar, Mad Munga, and Sewer Sydda, the trio has revolutionised the face of Hip Hop in Nairobi. There’s an identity that Wakadinali represents that people are drawn to. For over two decades, they have written Hip Hop on their own terms with each release unveiling greater potential. Whether it’s fusing reggae with hip-hop as seen in “Rong Reggae“ or scintillating on cutthroat cyphers, Wakadinali is incredibly dynamic without losing any of their gritty edge. With over four projects under their belt and still flourishing as solo acts, the trio has a dedicated following among the Nairobi youth.
Their relentless consistency has seen them rise from underground stars to household names. With Hip-Hop inspired percussions, the trio’s precise skills and knowledge of their audience places them on a pedestal. Representing the ordinary Kenyan youth their brevity matches Mashifta’s with the technical skills of Ke rap forefathers, Ukoo Fulani. Three years ago when Nairobi was undergoing a musical renaissance, Wakadinali’s “Morio Anzenza, ” emerged like a fast and furious bolt from the blue. Fusing raw sounds and grimy beats, the single sounded like the past, present, and future of Kenyan rap music all wrapped up at once. Mad Munga’s helter skelter flow and Scar’s lethal lyricism opened up the minds of the youth and the people and become aware of our people, our situation, our community, and our knowledge of self. Featuring Dyana Codds her ice-cold cadence brought new conversations to the table: Women rappers in Nairobi. Her ability to match up to Wakadinali’s proficiency proved that women can own the mic and drop flows. While the conversation of needing more women in the spotlight is unending, this was not the first time a woman outshined expectations in rap. Just like US Hip Hop had Lil Kim, Missy Elliot, and more, Nairobi has its fair of rap first ladies.
“Nazizi was the first lady to boldly step into the scene when ladies weren’t really at it. She had a very impressive run in the rap game as a solo act before forming the group Necessary Noize with Wyre, and while at it she worked with the best in the game at that time, namely Kshaka, Ksouth, Tedd Josiah and the list is endless. The First Lady of Hip-hop as she’s known, Nazizi had a very dope run when coming up.”Ondu, a Hip-Hop enthusiast and podcast host tells the NATIVE. Shaping the space for women, Nazizi’s pen game was adorned with punchlines and wordplays that went above sexism and misogyny. Her songs covered a wide range of themes encouraging girls it’s okay to make the first move in “Kenyan Girl, Kenyan Boy.” For many women in the industry, Nazizi was the first embodiment of a Kenyan woman rapper.
Currently, Nairobi’s rap scene is undergoing an exciting period celebrating the highest rate of women in the industry. Rappers such as Tulia, Silverstone, and NATIVE’S 2021 Fresh Meat Alum Groovy Jo are dominating the industry. Preaching body positivity, sexual liberation, and freedom, female rappers have a platform that was not there previously. While the number still lags behind, the growth is commendable highlighting the genre has evolved making space for both men and women.
Rap groups have always been an aspect of rap. Creating a catalogue of hits, rap groups such as Kalamashaka, Mau Mau, K-South, Mashiftar, and more showed that unity is the basic unit of a rap group.”Kalamashaka is one of the most successful Rap Groups ever do it in Kenya and East Africa.”Ondu tells the NATIVE. “These guys were heading major gigs in Kenya mid to late 90s. They even opened for Coolio and Lost Boyz Crew between 1996-98, performed for a crowd of 70,000 people in Nigeria, rocked stages in Sweden, performed and recorded jams with Dead Prez, and were even featured in the Source Magazine, the longest-running Hip-Hop/Rap publication in America. They were so huge Snoop Dogg talked about them back then saying they were the African WU-TANG CLAN. They later formed MAU MAU CAMP which comprised Nairobi-based rappers mostly from Dandora.
“Ksouth were the originators of that new Funk that wasn’t revolutionary raps as much as they did some social political & conscious tracks. They did comical rap which in Tanzania is called Rap Katuni. The duo which consisted of Bamboo and Abass created the sub-genre dubbed Kapuka which has been an intricate part of Kenya’s sound. K-South were so huge that by just dissing the new style Banda which Ogopa Djs was experimenting with, they gave birth to a whole genre called KAPUKA,” Ondu shares. Originating in the late 1990s with artists such as Redsan, Bebe Cool, and more, Kapuka is a fusion of hip-hop, reggae, and African traditional music styles and has grown to become one of the founding sounds of East Africa’s music scene.
Looking back, Hip-Hop has evolved into a solid reflection of Kenya’s ascendant talent. Stars such as Mashifta who enjoyed massive success when they dropped their first two tracks, “System Ya Majambazi” and “Pesa Pombe na Wanawake,” which were well received by the masses thus enjoying airplay on mainstream media before the government flagged the songs down due to their message. The genre has made an impact socially, politically, and emotionally.
Currently, the present class of Hip-Hop freshmen looks hopeful and the future is brighter for Hip-Hop on the continent. Buruklyn Boyz is the biggest export from Nairobi in the rap scene making astronomical steps with the release of their debut album ‘East Mpaka London’ and even featured as curators for 2022’s Boiler Room, they showcased the genre has moved from the streets into boardrooms. Solo acts such as STL and Lness have shown ladies they can spit bars and look pretty while groups such as Camp Mulla, Bamboo, Big Mike,Kapten, and Kantai made it cool to rap in English making space for the Kilimani rap babies.
“We are at a space where KE HIPHOP is the genre with the most Nominations and most consistent appearance on most if not all Music Award shows in Kenya, East Africa, and Africa at large,” Ondu says about Kenyan rap at the moment. “At the recently concluded SOUNDCITY awards, Ke Hiphop had 4 Nominations and a major performance on the big stage in Nigeria. Tell me what that is if not GROWTH?? The only stand-alone genre with its own Award Show. That looks like growth to me.”
EAST AFRICA’S WOMEN EXECUTIVES ARE CHALLENGING THE MUSIC INDUSTRY’S MALE-DOMINATED NARRATIVE
Tems Partners With Hennessy For Leading Vibe Initiative
Launching in Lagos, Nigeria, this event pioneered by Tems marks the beginning of a continent-wide movement to...
In July, Tems announced the Leading Vibe Initiative (LVI) to support women in music and the creative space on their journey to make a mark in their fields and create space for other women in those industries. Born from Tems’ journey as a self-taught artist with a focus on driving change, the initiative offers training, mentorship, industry access, and community for women in music in Africa.
After a rigorous selection process for its inaugural cohort, Hennessy will join the two-time Grammy Award-winning star to celebrate the launch of the Leading Vibe (LVI) Initiative in Lagos, Nigeria. Held from August 8 to 9, 2025, the two-day event is the beginning of a bold new chapter in Hennessy’s long-standing commitment to music and culture in Africa.
“I’m excited to partner with Hennessy in bringing this initiative to life, supporting talented young women in music as they find their voices, embrace their power, and shape the future of the industry across Africa and beyond,” Tems said about the partnership.
The Leading Vibe Initiative aims to champion the next generation of female artists, producers, songwriters, and music professionals, increasing representation within all areas of music across the continent and beyond.
With Hennessy as lead partner, this ambitious program kicks off with an immersive event in Lagos featuring curated workshops, networking moments, and panel discussions led by top-tier talent from across the global and African music industries.
“Her vision, talent, and purpose align deeply with Hennessy’s legacy of championing those who push boundaries and redefine the world around them. We’re honored to support the Leading Vibe Initiative and to continue empowering African communities and cultures,” said Vincent Montalescot, Hennessy Global Chief Marketing Officer.
Hennessy’s partnership with Tems builds on the brand’s decades-long history of supporting music and artistic expression globally and on the continent. From Hip-Hop to Afrobeats, Hennessy continues to stand beside the artists and communities that shape culture.
In Africa, the Maison has deepened its commitment through meaningful initiatives like In the Paint and now, with the Leading Vibe Initiative, is taking a focused step toward amplifying women’s voices in music. With the Lagos launch as a powerful first step, the Leading Vibe Initiative will expand across Africa and globally, creating a cross-continental network of empowered women ready to shape the future of African music.
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True Clrs Want People To Dance
True Clrs, a travelling party series launched by Adeola Kofoworade and Menab Tesfu, aims to bring the dance...
One of the more pressing topics of discussion amongst party-goers today is the curious question of why people don’t dance at gatherings anymore. While partying, theoretically, includes other activities like talking to strangers, getting drinks, and conducting business, it is primarily geared towards dancing and living in the moment.
These days, however, there seems to be more emphasis on these other activities than actual partying. People are doom scrolling on the dancefloor or are more occupied with trying to take the perfect selfie. Enter: True Clrs, a travelling party series launched by Adeola Kofoworade and Menab Tesfu that aims to bring the dance back to the parties by centering on the richness of African sound and the communities that love it.
“We found that there were a lot of parties in Dallas that had cultures that didn’t encourage dancing or interaction between customers,” Kofoworade tells The NATIVE about the inspiration for True Clrs over a Google Meet conversation in July. “Seeing how parties were being thrown in L.A., New York and other places in Europe, we thought to bring that idea here to Texas.”
Since its inception in 2023, True Clrs has hosted over 15 editions of its travelling party series across cities in the United States. In addition to a dedicated real-life following that engages with their series, they have also cultivated a robust online presence thanks to their meticulous branding and active CRLS YouTube page that features various thrilling DJ sets.
Ahead of the latest Houston edition of True Clrs, which featured ODUMODUBLVCK and Sarz headlining the Global Sounds Stage and others like Native SOUND SYSTEM’s DJ Sholz, Lowkey Ade, and Khulumars on DJ duties, we caught up with Adeola Kofoworade to discuss how they’ve managed to position True Clrs as the go-to party series in Texas, what makes them unique, and what their long-term plans are.
What inspired True Clrs?
We originally started True Clrs about two years ago because we noticed that there was a space in Dallas that we could infiltrate. We found that there were a lot of parties in Dallas that had cultures that didn’t encourage dancing or interaction between customers. That’s something pretty notable down here in the South. In clubs, there are a lot of sections and no big dance floors, so people are stuck in their sections without really interacting with other people. Seeing how parties were being thrown in L.A., New York and other places in Europe, we thought to bring that idea here to Texas. At first, we started with Afrobeats and Amapiano-centred parties, but then we started branching out to other genres as well.
How have you been able to position True Clrs as one of the go-to diaspora-focused party series in the U.S, especially in Texas?
We try to be innovative. We always try to make every event better than the last one. So if you came to one of our events the previous month, we try to switch things up and make sure you have a better experience the next time you come. We do this by booking notable DJs from around the country and even around the world. We also started booking a lot more talents. Last year, we had Lancey Foux; we had Sholz, who brought ODUMODUBLVCK; and we also had Skyla Tyla. This year, we’re looking to do more of that so we can always give our audience a notable experience.
How do you balance catering to the African diaspora with appealing to a broader audience that might be unfamiliar with the music and experience?
There are a couple of ways we try to do this. First, since we have monthly events, we try to switch between different genres and vibes. So let’s say, one month we have an Afrobeats and Amapiano party, the next month we could switch to this concept that we call the R&B rave. In the R&B rave, we basically play all types of R&B music, whether it’s old, contemporary or alternative, and we curate a rave-like setting.
We also run this concept where we have like two or three stages playing different genres. We could have one stage playing Amapiano, the other R&B and the other more global sounds. I guess it just depends on the venue we use. But we’re able to offer different experiences even at the same party.
Are there any other unique elements that set the True Clrs experience apart from other nightlife events?
One of our main appeals is recording DJ content. I know DJ content has become saturated recently, but what separates us is that a lot of our content is very genuine. It’s not made up or staged. We get real-time reactions from people. A lot of the time, people don’t even know they’re being filmed. Our content makes us notable, and it’s helped push our brand forward.
Since you began True Clrs, how have you been able to cultivate a strong online presence as well as a thriving community in real life?
With our online presence, it’s really been our content that has helped put us out there. We’ve had a couple of reels or YouTube sets go viral, and that’s definitely helped our online presence. Also, just being the kind of people we are, we take our time when it comes to branding True Clrs. We get a lot of feedback from people regarding our content, and we take it into account moving forward. For our real-life community, my partner and I had already been heavily involved in the entertainment space and the African community here before we began True Clrs. So we got a lot of support when we first started, and we’ve just kept building from there.
What’s the long-term vision for True Clrs? Are there any plans to expand into other U.S. cities or even international markets?
Definitely. Last year, we had our first international event in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. My partner was up there for a holiday, and we decided to throw an event there. In the future, we do plan to expand to other countries, whether in Africa or Europe. With our connections with talents like Lancey Foux, Skyla Tyla, we’re also looking to see if we can put together festivals. That’s what’s on the horizon for True Colors.
What would you say to someone who’s never been to a True Clrs party? What should they expect, and why should they come?
Our goal is community curation through music. So what I would tell someone who’s never been to a True Clrs party is they should come with an open mind. They should trust our DJs because they might hear songs they’ve never heard before and still be able to have a good time. Also, while we don’t force people to interact, we encourage people to interact and dance while listening to good DJs.
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Best New Music: Tiwa Savage and Skepta Are Stuck In A Loop On “On The Low”
After over a decade helming some of the most romantic cuts in Afropop, Tiwa Savage’s dalliance with R&B is...
There are only a few artists in Afropop with the range, longevity, and lustre that Tiwa Savage has. Since she emerged on the Nigerian music scene in 2011, Ms. Savage has set an inimitable standard in terms of platforming the point of view of women at the pinnacle of Afropop, working to show that women are multi-dimensional and layered, capable of going through the motions of joy, angst, distress, and optimism just as much as the next person. By unapologetically leaning into the very minutiae of what makes her tick as a woman, she’s become a fan favourite and an undisputed legend of the genre.
Impressively, she’s done this while making great strides sonically. From the throbbing afropop of ‘Once Upon A Time’ to the swaggering house-inflected triumph of ‘R.E.D,’ and the dense polyrhythmic structure of ‘Celia,’ Tiwa Savage has continued to tincture her R&B-adjacent sound with influences from home and abroad. It is an accurate reflection of Tiwa Savage as a person: grounded by her Lagos heritage but shaped by global influences. For the last six months, she has been talking up her forthcoming fourth album, describing it as a full-throttle return to the R&B sound that was her stock in trade before she returned to Nigeria in 2011 to establish herself as an Afropop powerhouse.
In April, she released the emotive “You4Me,” clearly establishing the direction for her new album, ‘This One Is Personal.’ Produced by Mystro Sugar, “You4Me” put a fresh spin on Tamia’s ’90s classic “So Into You” with percussion work by Magicsticks adding a decidedly Afropop sheen to the song. Upping the ante, Tiwa Savage returned with “On The Low,” a delightful sung-rap bop featuring British-Nigerian rapper, Skepta. Like “You4Me” before it, “On The Low” is steeped in R&B tradition, finding Tiwa Savage pining after a love that feels like a taboo or forbidden pleasure. Produced by Rymez and Mystro, it is a surefire pointer that Tiwa Savage wasn’t joking when she said ‘This One Is Personal’ had overt R&B influences.
After over a decade helming some of the most romantic cuts in Afropop, Tiwa Savage’s dalliance with R&B is helping to propel her artistry to new heights. Just as the soundtrack for ‘Water & Garri,’ her debut as a filmmaker, pared down universal emotions like longing, desire, and anxiety into digestible bits on standouts like “I Need You,” “Lost Time,” “Love O,” her latest song chronicles the intangibles of a romance that’s quite not out in the open. “I know you want to link on the low / We have to stay discreet, you don’t know,” she sweetly intones on the song’s hook, clearly obfuscating the true status of the relationship but revealing just enough to let her listeners know that the dynamic of this relationship is not the usual.
It’s a premise that is established from the opening lines of the song when Skepta breezily starts with an offer to travel, presumably after being unavailable for a while. “Yeah, I’m off tour, we should celebrate / Dedicate some time for you, baby, it’s a date,” he says. It sets off a sequence where Tiwa Savage admits to being annoyed by the complexities of this relationship.
Still, there’s something about the thrills of these tenuous romances that keeps one tethered to them, and Tiwa Savage manages to capture the dilemma of the situation when she sings, “Boy, you make me stressed, you don’t know / Then you send me sweet texts on the low.” Her measured delivery and tonal inflections lend an air of believability to the story that would be inaccessible in lesser hands.
It helps that even as she revisits her R&B origins, the singer still maintains a strong connection to the sonic references that made her an Afropop juggernaut. There is seriously impressive percussion across “On The Low” with enough Yoruba ad-libs sprinkled across to remind any doubters that this is a Nigerian star paying homage to an elemental part of her evolution without losing touch with her roots. It sets the stage for This One Is Personal’ perfectly.
Listen to “On The Low” here.
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